Sammary of The Penguin History of Canada 2

Material: Robert Bothwell, "The Penguin History of Canada" (Toronto: Penguin Group(Canada), 2006)

According to Robert Bothwell in “The Penguin History of Canada” 2006, in the 16th century, the coastline of North America was almost known to the Western Europe. (p.25) The author continues, the some parts of the North America were the profitable places for Western Europeans, who came for cod, fur, ivory, and oil. (Bothwell, 2006, p.25, 26) “A partnership between European traders and indigenous hunters” (Bothwell, 2006 p.26) began, who were willing to exchange the beaver for iron implements, steel knives and guns, which only Europeans could supply. The author explained. (Bothwell, 2006, p.26)
The article tells some French survived the severe winter and continued their exploitations. (Bothwell, 2006, p.27-29) Meanwhile, the French kept offering trade and salvation consciously to the Natives of North America, Bothwell noted. (Bothwell, 2006, p.30)
The writer explained that the Natives often had conflicts among them during which they needed the French as an ally. (Bothwell, 2006, p.31) “Clashes had already occurred between Huron and Iroquois, sometimes over furs, sometimes in the form of raids.” (Bothwell, 2006, p.34) “Between 1648 and 1650 the Iroquois systematically destroyed the Huron nation.” (Bothwell, 2006, p.34) The writer described that the French set up refuges for the Natives displaced by the Iroquois, in which they had to convert to Catholicism and live “under a loose form of religious tutelage”. (Bothwell, 2006, p.34)
By Algonquin tribes who could communicate with the French, the fur trade was in prosperity by the mid-1650s, the article explained. (Bothwell, 2006, p.35) In 1663 Louis, the king of France, finally decided to make New France a royal province and rule directly from Paris, and took back the right to the colony from the Hundred Associates, Bothwell explained. (Bothwell, 2006, p.38-39)

Words

1.lurk: to wait somewhere quietly and secretly, usually because you are going to do something bad
@If the Northwest Passage lurked beyond the next bend of the coast, gold was just over the next hill
2.monopoly: control of all or most of a business activity by a single company or by a government
@The charters conferred varying degrees of monopoly power on individuals.
3.conspiracy: a secret plan made by two or more people to do something that is harmful or illegal
@Champlain survived the weather, time, and conspiracy.
4.clumsy: awkward, uneasy, discourteous, indiscreet, all thumbs
@In that battle Champlain used a firearm, his clumsy arquebus, to intimidate the enemy.
5.devastating: badly damaged or destroying something / making someone feel extremely sad or shocked
@The colony didn’t suffer the devastating Native wars that nearly destroyed the English colony
6.feeble: extremely weak
@There were the feeble beginnings of farms, growing such crops as a cold climate would permit.
7.confer: talk it over, take counsel, discuss, debate, negotiate
@Having the French as a trading partner conferred great material and political advantage.
8.prospective: approaching, close at hand, destined, expected, predicted
@First learning the Native languages and studying the local culture, they lived among their prospective converts.
9.tutelage: the stage or period of being taught or taken care of be someone
@What would the future have been had Huronia survived under Jesuit tutelage?
10.capricious: motiveless, purposeless, fanciful, fantastic, eccentric, humorful, hysterical, mad
@Seventeenth-century authoritarianism could cruel and capricious.
11.wield: to have a lot of power, influence etc. and be ready to use it
@The Company of a Hundred Associated wielded a shadowy jurisdiction over the colony
12.contrive: to succeed in doing something in spite of difficulties etc.
@There were female religious who contrived to live autonomously in a society otherwise.
13.henceforth: from this time on
@Henceforth in colonial politics there were two poles, one religious and one secular.
14.censorious: always disapproving of something and criticizing it
@Moliere’s target was censorious religious hypocrisy.
15.appease: ease, soften, persuade, convince, tranquilize, satisfy, celebrate, offer worship
@The bishop was, at least temporally, appeased.